


| Roth IRA An individual retirement plan that bears many similarities to the traditional IRA, but contributions are not tax deductible and qualified distributions are tax free. Similar to other retirement plan accounts, non-qualified distributions from a Roth IRA may be subject to a penalty upon withdrawal. A qualified distribution is one that is taken at least five years after the taxpayer establishes his or her first Roth IRA and when he or she is age 59.5, disabled, using the withdrawal to purchase a first home (limit $10,000), or deceased (in which case the beneficiary collects). Since qualified distributions from a Roth IRA are always tax free, some argue that a Roth IRA may be more advantageous than a Traditional IRA. KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM |
| Rollover A Rollover is when you do the following Reinvesting funds from a mature security into a new issue of the same or a similar security. Transferring the holdings of one retirement plan to another without suffering tax consequences. A charge that is incurred by investors who move their positions to the following delivery date. Assuming an option about to expire is favourable to hold, you may decide to buy or sell the later expiring option. Retirement plans may be moved in order to forgo tax consequences when moving from one company to another. The distribution is reported on IRS Form 1099-R and the rollover contribution is reported on IRS Form 5498. Rollovers may be limited to one per annum for each IRA and the assets are generally made payable to the retirement account holder. The assets must then be deposited to the receiving retirement account within 60 days after the account holder receives the assets. KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM |
| Non-Automatic Waiver Application If you are unable to complete your rollover contribution because of certain circumstances beyond your reasonable control, you can submit an application to the IRS for a waiver or extension of the 60-day rule. When reviewing your application, the IRS determines whether you meet certain requirements by considering the following: Whether any mistakes were made by your financial institution, other than those described under this article's section "Automatic Waiver for Hardship" above. Whether the inability to complete the rollover was the result of death, disability, hospitalization, incarceration, restrictions imposed by a foreign country or a postal error. How the distributed amount was used. For instance, if you received a check for the distributed amount, the IRS will want to know whether the check was cashed. How long it has been since the distribution occurred. Additionally the IRS will look at whether you had any intention of rolling over the distributed amount at the time the withdrawal occurred. If the IRS determines that you didn't have this intention, your request for waiver may not be approved. Also, before applying for a waiver of the 60-day rule, check to make sure the amount in question is rollover eligible. For instance, if the distribution occurred from an IRA from which another distribution was rolled over during the 12 months preceding the distribution in question, this second distribution is not rollover eligible. In order to be considered for the waiver, you must submit an application for a private letter ruling (PLR) to the IRS and pay the applicable fee, which in 2005 is $95. The procedure for applying for a PLR is explained in the IRS publication Revenue Procedure 2003-4. After reviewing your application, the IRS will issue a PLR to you indicating whether your application is approved. If it is, it will include the time limit within which the rollover contribution must be completed. If your application is not approved and you already deposited the amount to your retirement account, you may need to remove the amount as a return of excess contribution (which you can read more about in Correcting Ineligible (Excess) IRA Contributions - Part 3). KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM |
| Ensuring Correct Reporting If you qualify for any of the exceptions explained here - that is, a cancellation or delay in the purchase or construction of a first home is the reason you didn't use the distributed amount within 120 days for first-home costs; you were eligible for the automatic waiver within one year of the distribution; or your application for extension to the IRS was approved - you must report the amount on your tax return as nontaxable to exclude the amount from your income and avoid the penalty. This is done by including the amount on the applicable line of your tax return. (For instance, if you use Form 1040, include the distributed amount on line 15a and input zero on line 15b.) If you have failed to roll over the amount within the 60-day period and don't qualify for these exceptions, you must include any taxable amount of the distribution as income, and pay the applicable taxes. Consult with your tax professional for assistance with determining the taxable portion of your distribution and including the amount on your tax return. Your tax or legal professional should also be able to help you with determining your waiver eligibility and the application process. One-Year Waiting Rule Within one year after you distribute assets from your IRA and rollover any part of that amount, you cannot make another rollover from the same IRA to another (or the same) IRA. For example, imagine that you have two IRAs - IRA-1 and IRA-2 - and you make a tax-free rollover from IRA-1 into a new IRA (IRA-3). Within one year of the distribution from IRA-1, you cannot make another tax-free rollover from IRA-1 or from IRA-3 into another IRA. However, you could roll funds out of IRA-2 into any other IRA because you did not roll money into or out of that account within the previous year. The once-a-year limit on IRA-to-IRA rollovers does not apply to eligible rollover distributions from an employer plan. Therefore, you can roll over more than one distribution from the same qualified plan, 403(b) or 457(b) account within a year. (Note: This one year limit does not apply to rollovers from Traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs. Same Property Rule Your rollover from one IRA or to another IRA must consist of the same property. This means that you cannot take cash distributions from your IRA, purchase other assets with the cash, and then roll those assets over into a new (or the same) IRA. Should this occur, the IRS would consider the cash distribution from the IRA as ordinary income. Here's a hypothetical example of how someone might violate the same property rule: An entrepreneur, age 57, has decided to roll over her IRA from one financial institution another. However, she wants to use her IRA assets to purchase shares of certain company's stock. She takes a portion of the funds she received from her IRA, buys the shares and places the remaining cash in a new IRA. Then, she deposits the shares of the stock she had purchased into the same IRA to receive tax-deferred treatment. The IRS would deem the portion of the distribution used to purchase the stock as ordinary income; therefore, the entrepreneur would owe taxes at her current ordinary income tax rate on any taxable portion of the stocks that were rolled over. Furthermore, because she is younger than 59.5, the IRS would assess a 10% penalty on any taxable portion of the amount used to purchase the stocks. Caution: When Not to Use a Rollover If you are simply moving your IRA from one financial institution to another and you do not need to use the funds, then you should consider using the transfer method, instead of a rollover. A transfer is non-reportable, and can be done for an unlimited number of times during any period. A rollover leaves room for errors, including missing the 60-day deadline, losing the check, and you are limited to the once per 12-month rule discussed earlier. Additional points You can roll over funds from any of your own Traditional IRAs, but you can also roll over funds to your Traditional IRA from the following retirement plans: KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM |
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| STRETCH IRA -------KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM Primary Benefits of the Stretch Concept Tax Deferral The primary benefit of the stretch provision is that it allows the beneficiaries to defer paying taxes on the account balance and to continue enjoying tax-deferred and/or tax-free growth as long as possible. Without the stretch provision, beneficiaries may be required to distribute the full account balance in a period much shorter than the benefirciary's life expectancy, possibly causing them to be in a higher tax bracket and/or resulting in significant taxes on the withdrawn amount. Flexibility Generally, the stretch option is not a binding provision, which means the beneficiary may choose to discontinue it at anytime by distributing the entire balance of the inherited IRA. This allows the beneficiary some flexibility should he or she need to distribute more than the minimum required amount. Benefits for Spouses ---------KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM A spouse beneficiary is allowed to treat the inherited IRA as his or her own. When the spouse elects to do this, the stretch concept is not an issue, as the spouse beneficiary is given the same status and options as the original IRA owner. However, should the spouse choose to treat the IRA as an inherited IRA, then the stretch rule could apply. Conclusion If you are interested in having the stretch concept apply to your IRA, consult your current IRA provider or financial institution. If they seem unfamiliar with the term, ask specific questions: will the beneficiary be allowed to take distributions over a life-expectancy period? Will the beneficiary be allowed to designate second- and subsequent-generation beneficiaries? If the answer to these questions is yes, then you are able to use the stretch concept with the IRA. ----KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM |
| WHAT IS A STRETCH IRA? ---KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM A stretch IRA is a distribution strategy that can extend the tax-deferred compounding of your IRA assets across multiple generations. WHEN SHOULD YOU USE A STRETCH IRA? If you do not need all the assets in your IRA to cover How the Stretch Concept Works As we just stated, the stretch concept allows an IRA to be passed on from generation to generation. However, in doing so, the beneficiary must follow certain rules to ensure he or she doesn't owe the IRS excess-accumulation penalties, which are caused by failing to withdraw the minimum amount each year. Let's explore this further with an example. Example Tom's designated beneficiary is his son Dick. Tom dies in 2008, when he is age 70 and Dick is age 40. Dick's life expectancy is 42.7 (determined in the year following the year Tom died, when Dick is age 41). This means that Dick is able to stretch distributions over a period of 42.7 years. Dick elects to stretch distributions over his life expectancy, and he must take his first distribution by December 31, 2009, the year-end following the year Tom died. To determine the minimum amount that must be distributed, Dick must divide the balance on December 31, 2008, by 42.7. If Dick withdraws less than the minimum amount, the shortfall will be subject to the excess-accumulation penalty. To determine the minimum amount he must distribute for each subsequent year, Dick must subtract 1 from his life expectancy of the previous year. He must then use that new life-expectancy factor as a divisor of the previous year-end balance. The IRA plan document allowed Dick to designate a second-generation beneficiary, and he designated his son Harry. If Dick were to die in 2013, when his remaining life expectancy is 38.7 (42.7 - 4), Harry could continue distributions for Dick's remaining life expectancy. It is important to note that only the first-generation beneficiary's life expectancy is factored into the distribution equation; therefore, Harry's age is not relevant. In this example, Tom could have chosen to designate Harry as his own beneficiary, resulting in a longer stretch period. In such a case, Harry would be the first-generation beneficiary, and his life expectancy instead of Dick's would be factored into the equation. KNOWLEDGEFINANCIALGROUP.COM |
| ---ESTATE TAX EXEMPTION---- The estate tax in the United States is a tax imposed on the transfer of the "taxable estate" of a deceased person, whether such property is transferred via a will, according to the state laws of intestacy or otherwise made as an incident of the death of the owner, such as a transfer of property from an intestate estate or trust, or the payment of certain life insurance benefits or financial account sums to beneficiaries. The estate tax is one part of the Unified Gift and Estate Tax system in the United States. The other part of the system, the gift tax, imposes a tax on transfers of property during a person's life; the gift tax prevents avoidance of the estate tax should a person want to give away his/her estate. In addition to the federal government, many states also impose an estate tax, with the state version called either an estate tax or an inheritance tax. Since the 1990s, opponents of the tax have used the pejorative term "death tax." The equivalent tax in the United Kingdom has always been referred to as "death duties." If an asset is left to a spouse or a charitable organization, the tax usually does not apply. ''Estate tax in the United States''-- |
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| THE ESSENTIAL STEPS of retirement planning When it comes to retirement planning, sooner is always better than later. Certain types of debt are toxic to building wealth. High-interest credit card debt can fester in your finances and cost more than can possibly be regained through saving and investing. Still, if you have access to a retirement account at work, take advantage of it. (See Rule V.) "If it's costing you a rate of interest and you're not getting a deduction for it, that would be the first order of business before you do any significant saving," says Brian Kuhn, Certified Financial Planner at Retirement Planning Services in Millersville, Md. Mortgages and student loans score a pass due to the deductibility of the interest, but car loans and credit cards can sport interest rates well above yields on aggressive investments. Pay off expensive debts and then accelerate retirement savings in earnest. ----------------- DEBT AND CREDIT SOLUTION Getting out of debt and saving for retirement will be tough if you have to whip out a credit card to cover every crisis. That's why an emergency fund is the cornerstone of every financial plan. The general rule of thumb is to save three to six months' worth of living expenses, but that target can be hard to nail down, says Kuhn. "We aim for a fixed dollar amount. The fixed dollar amount is whatever number you decide makes you comfortable, like $10,000 cash in the bank," he says. Pick an amount, save it up and then don't touch it -- until, of course, the inevitable emergency arises. YOU SHOULD HAVE A BUDGET Budgets are not the most exciting topic in finance, but your budget will underlie all of your wealth-building efforts and keep you on track with everyday expenses and savings. Just knowing the regular expenses and bills can help pin down where your money is going. There may be some fat that could be cut, which could translate to more savings. To further increase savings, pay yourself first. Savings, retirement and nonretirement, should be in the category of necessary expenses that must be paid every month, just like water and electricity. "Our clients that chose to set themselves up with the checking account debits that automatically take money from checking to savings -- those people tend to always have more money," says Chris Reilly, Certified Financial Planner, senior vice president and retirement planning specialist at Firstrust Financial Resources in Philadelphia. "The people that choose to wait and see how much money they have left over at the end of the year -- the odds are not in their favor." -------- You shall have a financial plan Your financial plan will be the road map to retirement. Don't get overwhelmed, though. "Once you get through some of the basic variables in the beginning, it's really not that hard," Reilly says. Some of the basic variables include the amount you currently have saved and how much money you'll need to retire. A rule of thumb is to assume you'll need 80 percent of your current annual income in retirement. Subtract any known retirement income such as a pension or Social Security, and you have the amount you'll need per year in retirement. According to the Social Security Administration, the normal retirement age is about 66 years. Many financial planners recommend running your financial plan to age 100, which means workers need to plan on financing about 34 years on average. Socking away money probably won't get you to retirement by itself. That's where wise investing comes in. Use Bankrate's return on investment calculator to find the approximate rate of return your portfolio needs for you to reach your retirement goals. The asset allocation of your portfolio will be based on rate of return a-- -------- You shall use tax-favored retirement accounts The government encourages saving for retirement with special accounts that give you tax breaks. Funds can be invested before taxes for investors who expect to pay a lower income tax in the future. Or money can be invested after taxes, as with a Roth account, where contributions and earnings can be taken out tax-free during retirement. Investors can open an individual retirement account, or traditional IRA, or the Roth version. These accounts allow contributions of up to $5,000 per year. Some employers also offer retirement plans. There are several types of employer-sponsored plans, but the most common is the 401(k) plan. It allows workers to save up to $16,500 per year. Some companies don't offer retirement plans. Workers do have other options. "There are non-employer-sponsored retirement accounts, such as municipal bonds, Roth IRAs and annuities -- both variable and fixed," says Reilly. A trusted financial adviser can tell you if a cash-value insurance policy would make sense for your situation. If you've maxed out all of your retirement-saving options, it may be a possibility. ------------------------------- You shall save 401K Investment Portfolio Retirement planning takes time. It takes a number of years to save a substantial sum and even more for the magic of compounding to become apparent. Don't wait to begin saving for retirement. Save what you can now instead of waiting until you strike it rich or are magically motivated to learn about investing. "Put $50 a month into a 401(k) plan. That is better than doing nothing; it adds up," says Herbert Hopwood, president of Hopwood Financial Services in Great Falls, Va. Retirement planning is not all or nothing. It's a process. The sooner you start, the less you have to save in the long run. Aggressive investing can amplify your savings, but it's not a miracle. ---------------------------------- You shall take on an appropriate amount of risk Investing for retirement is a long-term proposition. That means investors can take on more risk as their investments have a longer period of time to recover from any market volatility. But, even with 40 years or more to invest, not everyone is comfortable watching the value of their retirement account go up and down. Investing conservatively is not without risk either. Giving up the possibility of higher returns is an opportunity cost that could result in less money at retirement. As there's only a finite amount of time and money for most people, meeting retirement goals may require compromise. "If somebody is going to run their plan out at 4.5 percent and it shows they're on pace to get 70 percent of their retirement objective, then they need to either save more money, work longer or retire on less," -------------------------- You shall set goals To stay on track for retirement, set goals within your financial plan. "As you're putting money away, it's hard to say I want my money to grow by 'X' amount because you don't know what the market is going to do," says Kuhn. "But you can take it in five-year increments -- in five years I'd like it to be worth 'X,' in another five years I'd like it to be this." Monitoring annual returns will let you know if your investments meet the overarching goals laid out in the financial plan. "If their financial plan says they need a 5 percent return, they have no business being in something that is going to give them the chance for 30 percent returns," "Maybe a portion, but they need to monitor their portfolio to make sure it is on pace to their financial plan," he says. "The market is not the barometer. Their plan is the barometer. Are they consistently staying on pace with their financial goals on an after-tax basis?" ---------------------- You shall insure your ability to make money Going through the retirement-planning process can become moot if catastrophe interrupts your ability to make, and therefore save, money. "Insure your life and your ability to earn a living through disability," The amount you'll pay for insurance will be based on your age, occupation and income, but you can buy as much or as little insurance as your budget will allow. "If you have a budget, you'll know how much you can set aside. Whatever that buys you, it's better than not having anything at all," --------------- Use Roth IRA as your backup emergency fund If you want to put as much money as possible into retirement but need a solid emergency fund in case of job loss, your Roth IRA could do double duty. An often-forgotten benefit of the Roth IRA is that you can withdraw from your own contributions any time, without a tax or penalty. You paid tax on that money before it went into your IRA so there's no additional tax or penalty to withdraw it, says Jean Keener, a Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor in Keller, Texas. First, it's still smart to have some cash readily available in a savings account for small emergencies, like a roof leak or unexpected car repair, suggests Keener. After that, consider parking additional rainy-day money in your Roth IRA to let that money grow tax-free for retirement as well as play a supporting role as a backup emergency fund. "If you plan to use your Roth as part of your emergency fund, you would invest it differently than money for retirement," says Keener. "It should be in safe investment vehicles like money market funds, CDs and short-term bonds so you won't suffer investment losses if you need to tap the money when the market is down." You don't need a separate Roth for your emergency funds, consider them a separate "bucket" within your larger Roth account, says Keener. Here are some caveats to follow when using a Roth IRA as an emergency fund: Leave Roth earnings alone Withdrawing contributions is simple, but withdrawing Roth earnings -- dividends and capital gains -- is trickier. Avoid doing so if you can or check with your tax professional first. You would have to request the withdrawal through your brokerage, bank or mutual fund, and the firm will know whether you are eating into earnings, Keener says. Why does it matter? If you withdraw earnings without doing what the IRS considers a "qualified distribution," you will pay a 10 percent tax penalty plus regular income taxes on the money, says Keener. Depending on your tax bracket, you could immediately give up almost half of that money to the IRS in taxes and penalties. You may have heard of a "five-year rule" regarding Roth earnings. In short, after five years of opening a Roth, you can withdraw earnings tax-free if you meet any of nine "special case" criteria, including these common ones: You are at least 59½ years old. The distribution is due to death or disability. The distribution is made to a qualified first-time homebuyer (the funds must be used within 120 days of withdrawal). Converted Roth IRAs are different from regular Roths You can't withdraw contributions from a converted Roth any time without a penalty as you can with a regular Roth. Instead, you must wait five years. As such, it's better to use a regular Roth for your backup emergency fund, says Keener. Use Roth withdrawals for true emergencies Don't be tempted to dip into your Roth for vacations or other nonessentials. For one thing, you can't simply "return" the money later. Any money you put back into your Roth is considered part of your allowed contribution for that particular year. "For example, if you're allowed to contribute $5,000 a year to your Roth, you can't put in $5,000 plus another $2,000 that you withdrew at an earlier date," says Keener. "Your maximum contribution is still $5,000 a year." Perhaps more important, when you withdraw money from your Roth, you lose the benefit of having the money grow tax-free over many years. And that's why you opened your Roth in the first place. |







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| 401(k) Plans - How does it work? One of the most popular company-sponsored retirement plans, a 401(k) is funded with employees’ before-tax contributions and, if applicable, the employer’s matching contributions. Employees can usually choose to invest in a variety of mutual funds matching their goals and risk tolerance. Any growth in the plan is tax-deferred until the funds are withdrawn. Knowledge financial group Profit Sharing Plans - What is that? A Profit Sharing Plan allows an employer to share a portion of the company’s profit with employees. Contributions to Profit Sharing Plans are made solely by the employer and the percentage of sharing is decided by the company. This type of plan is a great way to promote a sense of ownership and increase motivation in employees. SIMPLE Plans -What is it? SIMPLE stands for Saving Incentive Match Plan for Employees. Similar to a 401(k), this type of plan can be used by people who are self-employed or employers with fewer than 100 employees. The employer may choose to make matching contributions, which are tax deductible. Knowledge financial group Money Purchase Pension Plans A Money Purchase Pension Plan requires fixed annual contributions from the employer into an employee’s individual account. The employer may contribute up to 25% of the employee’s compensation. SEP Plans - What it is? SEP stands for Simplified Employee Pension. Commonly opened by small businesses, this type of plan acts as a group of IRAs. A SEP plan allows employers to make contributions to their own IRAs and to IRAs that their employees set up and control. The employer is allowed a tax deduction for contributions. |
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